Product Attributesالمرجع الكامل.

-- كل إعدادات خاصية معيّنة
SELECT a.attribute_id, a.attribute_code, a.backend_type,
       a.frontend_input, c.is_global, c.is_filterable,
       c.is_searchable, c.used_in_product_listing
FROM eav_attribute a
JOIN catalog_eav_attribute c ON c.attribute_id = a.attribute_id
WHERE a.attribute_code = 'color';

use Magento\Eav\Model\Entity\Attribute\ScopedAttributeInterface;

ScopedAttributeInterface::SCOPE_GLOBAL
ScopedAttributeInterface::SCOPE_WEBSITE
ScopedAttributeInterface::SCOPE_STORE

namespace Vendor\Module\Setup\Patch\Data;

use Magento\Catalog\Model\Product;
use Magento\Eav\Setup\EavSetup;
use Magento\Eav\Setup\EavSetupFactory;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleDataSetupInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\Patch\DataPatchInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\Patch\PatchRevertableInterface;
use Magento\Eav\Model\Entity\Attribute\ScopedAttributeInterface;

class AddWarrantyAttribute
    implements DataPatchInterface, PatchRevertableInterface
{
    public function __construct(
        private readonly ModuleDataSetupInterface $moduleDataSetup,
        private readonly EavSetupFactory $eavSetupFactory
    ) {}

    public function apply(): void
    {
        $this->moduleDataSetup->getConnection()->startSetup();

        /** @var EavSetup $eavSetup */
        $eavSetup = $this->eavSetupFactory->create([
            'setup' => $this->moduleDataSetup
        ]);

        $eavSetup->addAttribute(
            Product::ENTITY,
            'warranty_months',
            [
                'type'         => 'int',
                'label'        => 'Warranty (months)',
                'input'        => 'text',
                'required'     => false,
                'user_defined' => true,
                'global'       => ScopedAttributeInterface::SCOPE_GLOBAL,
                'visible'      => true,
                'searchable'   => false,
                'filterable'   => false,
                'comparable'   => false,
                'group'        => 'General',
                'sort_order'   => 100,
            ]
        );

        $this->moduleDataSetup->getConnection()->endSetup();
    }

    public function revert(): void
    {
        $eavSetup = $this->eavSetupFactory->create([
            'setup' => $this->moduleDataSetup
        ]);
        $eavSetup->removeAttribute(Product::ENTITY, 'warranty_months');
    }

    public static function getDependencies(): array
    {
        return [];
    }

    public function getAliases(): array
    {
        return [];
    }
}

bin/magento setup:upgrade
bin/magento cache:clean

public function apply(): void
{
    $eavSetup = $this->eavSetupFactory->create([
        'setup' => $this->moduleDataSetup
    ]);

    // غيّر خاصية واحدة
    $eavSetup->updateAttribute(
        Product::ENTITY,
        'warranty_months',
        'is_filterable',
        1
    );

    // أو كذا خاصية مرة واحدة
    $eavSetup->updateAttribute(
        Product::ENTITY,
        'warranty_months',
        [
            'is_filterable' => 1,
            'is_searchable' => 1,
        ]
    );
}

$eavSetup->addAttributeToSet(
    Product::ENTITY,
    'Default',      // اسم الـ attribute set
    'General',      // اسم الـ group (التبويب)
    'warranty_months'
);

$eavSetup->addAttribute(
    Product::ENTITY,
    'material',
    [
        'type'   => 'int',
        'label'  => 'Material',
        'input'  => 'select',
        'source' => Table::class,  // الافتراضي للخيارات
        'global' => ScopedAttributeInterface::SCOPE_GLOBAL,
        'option' => [
            'values' => ['Cotton', 'Leather', 'Synthetic'],
        ],
        'group'  => 'General',
    ]
);

namespace Vendor\Module\Model\Attribute\Source;

use Magento\Eav\Model\Entity\Attribute\Source\AbstractSource;

class Supplier extends AbstractSource
{
    public function __construct(
        private readonly SupplierRepository $repository
    ) {}

    public function getAllOptions(): array
    {
        if ($this->_options === null) {
            $this->_options = [
                ['value' => '', 'label' => __('-- Select --')],
            ];

            foreach ($this->repository->getActive() as $supplier) {
                $this->_options[] = [
                    'value' => $supplier->getCode(),
                    'label' => $supplier->getName(),
                ];
            }
        }

        return $this->_options;
    }
}

$eavSetup->addAttribute(
    Product::ENTITY,
    'features',
    [
        'type'    => 'varchar',       // مش int!
        'label'   => 'Features',
        'input'   => 'multiselect',
        'source'  => Table::class,
        // إلزامي: بيحوّل المصفوفة لنص مفصول بفواصل
        'backend' => ArrayBackend::class,
        'global'  => ScopedAttributeInterface::SCOPE_GLOBAL,
        'option'  => [
            'values' => ['Waterproof', 'Wireless', 'Foldable'],
        ],
    ]
);

// قيمة بسيطة
$months = (int) $product->getData('warranty_months');

// select — الـ id مقابل النص
$colorId   = $product->getData('color');        // 42
$colorText = $product->getAttributeText('color'); // 'Red'

// multiselect — نص مفصول، حوّله لمصفوفة
$raw = $product->getData('features');   // '12,15,18'
$ids = $raw ? explode(',', $raw) : [];

// آمن مع القيم الفاضية
$attr = $product->getCustomAttribute('warranty_months');
$value = $attr ? $attr->getValue() : null;

// منتج واحد
$product = $this->productRepository->get('SKU-123');
$product->setData('warranty_months', 24);
$this->productRepository->save($product);

// multiselect — مصفوفة، والـ backend بيحوّلها
$product->setData('features', [12, 15]);

use Magento\Catalog\Model\Product\Action;

// بيحدّث الخاصية بس، من غير حفظ المنتج كامل
$this->productAction->updateAttributes(
    [1, 2, 3],                  // product ids
    ['warranty_months' => 24],  // القيم
    0                            // store id
);

$collection = $this->collectionFactory->create();

$collection
    // لازم تطلب الخاصية عشان تقدر تقراها
    ->addAttributeToSelect(['name', 'warranty_months'])
    ->addAttributeToFilter('warranty_months', ['gteq' => 12])
    ->addAttributeToFilter('status', 1)
    ->setPageSize(20);

foreach ($collection as $product) {
    $months = $product->getData('warranty_months');
}

$criteria = $this->searchCriteriaBuilder
    ->addFilter('warranty_months', 12, 'gteq')
    ->addFilter('status', 1)
    ->create();

$result = $this->productRepository->getList($criteria);

foreach ($result->getItems() as $product) {
    // ...
}

-- الخصائص المحمّلة في القوائم
SELECT a.attribute_code, c.used_in_product_listing,
       c.is_filterable, c.is_searchable
FROM eav_attribute a
JOIN catalog_eav_attribute c ON c.attribute_id = a.attribute_id
WHERE c.used_in_product_listing = 1
   OR c.is_filterable = 1
ORDER BY a.attribute_code;

-- خصائص user-defined مالهاش أي قيم (مرشّحة للحذف)
SELECT a.attribute_code
FROM eav_attribute a
LEFT JOIN catalog_product_entity_varchar v
       ON v.attribute_id = a.attribute_id
WHERE a.entity_type_id = 4
  AND a.is_user_defined = 1
GROUP BY a.attribute_code
HAVING COUNT(v.value_id) = 0;